Life & medical sciences · OECD FoS 3.1 · China MoE 071006 神经生物学
Neuroscience
神经科学
L2Local breakthroughs ↑ Rising Score 2.20 · Last reviewed 2026-10-22 · Next review 2027-01-19
BIGGEST BREAKTHROUGH 2024-10-02 Field leapAI · major
FlyWire: whole-brain connectome of the adult fly (Nature) ↗
First whole adult fly brain connectome (~140k neurons)
Why this level
AI enabled the adult-fly whole-brain connectome (FlyWire, Nature 2024) and speech-decoding BCIs (Nature 2023); 2026 saw many connectome foundation models, mostly preprints/benchmarks.
S = 0.30·method + 0.35·discovery + 0.25·adoption + 0.10·education (education scores 0 when there is no evidence; if empty, the other weights are renormalised)
Sources
Composite 1.5–2.49: at least one peer-reviewed/officially verified AI-key result, or one dimension at 3; routine workflow largely unchanged. All levels →
Research directions
ConnectomicsBCI decodingNeural-data foundation models
Papers
- Spatiotemporal AI-based modeling of gene regulation and variant effects in the developing human brain using Seal
AI: transfer learning predicts expression/variant effects in data-poor transient cell types; Field: finds de novo regulatory burden in fetal excitatory neurons in autism
2026-10-15 · Nature Neuroscience
- NiCLIP: neuroimaging contrastive language-image pretraining model for predicting text from brain activation images
AI: CLIP-style learning on the neuroimaging literature; Field: accurate group-level functional decoding, weaker on noisy individual maps
2026-10-13 · Nature Communications
- FedFound: a federated foundation model for lifespan brain morphological connectome analysis
Federated foundation model; method improvement
2026-06-30 · npj Digital Medicine
- ConnectoFM: A Foundation Model for Learning the Language of the Connectome
2026-06-10
- Functional bipartite invariance in mouse primary visual cortex receptive fields
Digital twins used to generate testable hypotheses
2026-02-25 · Nature Neuroscience
- Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types
First visual-cortex digital twin generalising across mice and stimuli
2025-04-09 · Nature
- Functional connectomics spanning multiple areas of mouse visual cortex
AI reconstructs a cubic millimetre of cortex aligned with function
2025-04-09 · Nature
-
Field leap
Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brainFirst whole adult fly brain connectome (~140k neurons)
2024-10-02 · Nature
- A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis
62 words/min speech BCI, ~3× prior
2023-08-23 · Nature
- A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control
Near-natural-rate communication for a paralysed patient
2023-08-23 · Nature
- Deep LLM layers expose passage-level context in EEG during silent reading
Aligning 19-channel EEG with LLM layers shows deep layers expose passage-level context during silent reading.
2026-10-16 · arXiv · Ingo Marquardt, Anthilia Alchanat, Priyanka Jain
- What Shapes Brain Alignment of Large Language Models during Dialogue? Insights from Language Production and Comprehension
Uses dialogue fMRI to study LLM–brain alignment in both language production and comprehension.
2026-10-16 · arXiv · Yuko Nakagi, Yuya Chiba, Yasue Kishino
- Systematic comparison of color representations between humans and deep neural networks: towards predicting human color perception in a vast color space
Compares colour representations of humans and DNNs across a vast colour space toward predicting human colour perception.
2026-10-16 · bioRxiv · Wickramanayaka, N. R., Oizumi, M.
- Brain-Aligned Multimodal LLMs for Social and Emotional Understanding of Cartoon Movies
Compares multimodal LLM annotations of theory of mind and affect in cartoons against human ratings and neural data.
2026-10-15 · arXiv · Yiran Huang, Zeyong Zhang, Bharat Biswal, Xin Di
- Language Models Share a Readout Bottleneck in Working Memory
LLMs reproduce human N-back working-memory signatures; the study tests whether a shared readout mechanism explains this.
2026-10-15 · arXiv · Dongyu Gong
- Predictive Grid Cell Coding Does Not Require Explicit Planning
Models show predictive grid-cell coding in entorhinal cortex can arise without explicit planning.
2026-10-15 · bioRxiv · Sinha, A., Fasehun, O. C., Redman, W. T.
- From arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv and OpenAlex (last ~30 days); summaries written by AIMap from the abstract.
Milestones 10· 1 leaps
Big glowing nodes are leaps: AI leap cool · Field leap warm · double ring = both
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Discovery
OpenAI, PerturbAI and Scripps run 1,946 parallel GPT-Rosalind agents on a whole-brain in vivo CRISPR atlas, producing testable hypotheses in 32 minutes (bioRxiv)AI: one agent per perturbation interprets responses, searches literature and proposes mechanisms; experts preferred the multi-agent reports (announced by OpenAI on 10-21). Field: yields untested leads such as DCTN1 and neuronal cholesterol
bioRxiv / OpenAIPreprintVendor claim -
Paper
Seal: spatiotemporal AI modelling of gene regulation and variant effects in the developing human brain (Nat. Neurosci.)AI: transfer learning predicts expression/variant effects in data-poor transient cell types; Field: finds de novo regulatory burden in fetal excitatory neurons in autism
Nature Neuroscience -
Model
NiCLIP: contrastive language–brain-image model predicting cognitive tasks from activation maps (Nat. Commun.)AI: CLIP-style learning on the neuroimaging literature; Field: accurate group-level functional decoding, weaker on noisy individual maps
Nature Communications -
Paper
FedFound federated brain-connectome foundation model (npj Digit. Med.)Federated foundation model; method improvement
npj Digital Medicine -
Paper
Functional bipartite invariance in mouse V1 receptive fields via digital twin (Nat. Neurosci.)Digital twins used to generate testable hypotheses
Nature Neuroscience -
Paper
Foundation model of neural activity predicts responses to new stimulus types (Nature)First visual-cortex digital twin generalising across mice and stimuli
Nature -
Paper
MICrONS functional connectomics across mouse visual cortex (Nature)AI reconstructs a cubic millimetre of cortex aligned with function
Nature -
DatasetField leap
FlyWire: whole-brain connectome of the adult fly (Nature)First whole adult fly brain connectome (~140k neurons)
Nature -
Paper
High-performance speech neuroprosthesis, 62 words/min (Nature)62 words/min speech BCI, ~3× prior
Nature -
Paper
High-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control (Nature)Near-natural-rate communication for a paralysed patient
Nature
No milestones match this filter.
More papers & repos 9
| Type | Title | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Paper | Spatiotemporal AI-based modeling of gene regulation and variant effects in the developing human brain using Seal | 2026-10-15 |
| Paper | FedFound: a federated foundation model for lifespan brain morphological connectome analysis | 2026-06-30 |
| Paper | ConnectoFM (bioRxiv 2026) | 2026-06-10 |
| Paper | Functional bipartite invariance in mouse primary visual cortex receptive fields | 2026-02-25 |
| Paper | Foundation model of neural activity predicts response to new stimulus types | 2025-04-09 |
| Paper | Functional connectomics spanning multiple areas of mouse visual cortex | 2025-04-09 |
| Paper | Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain | 2024-10-02 |
| Paper | A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis | 2023-08-23 |
| Paper | A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control | 2023-08-23 |
Latest news 12
- Spontaneous brain-wide rotational dynamics constrain cue-evoked behaviorarXiv q-bioenPaperPreprint
- Brain-OF: An Omnifunctional Foundation Model for fMRI, EEG and MEGarXiv q-bioenPaperPreprint