TOPIC · AI4SCIENCE · 19 PAPERS

AI for Science

LLMs Reasoning Alignment Agents Multimodal Visual generation Vision & 3D Robotics & embodied AI Efficient training & inference Safety & interpretability AI for Science Code & SWE Benchmarks & data Reinforcement learning

Last 30 days 19

#63 ▲155 ★19 ❝0 2026-10-13

Into the Unknown: Benchmarking AI agents on open scientific research problems

Into the Unknown asks agents to write follow-up papers on unpublished directions from US national-lab scientists to test open research ability.

Carnegie Mellon University · Seungone Kim, Jiayi Geng, Young-Jun Lee +25

Agents AI for Science Benchmarks & data arXiv Code HF

#69 ▲54 ★809 ❝2 2026-10-09

RSI-Anything: Unlocking Recursive Self-Improvement with World Models

RSI-Anything uses predictive world models to guide actions and data selection for domain-general recursive self-improvement.

PhAI Labs · Taoyong Cui, Pinxian Zeng, Wanghan Xu +8

Agents AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#100 ▲64 ★574 ❝0 2026-10-20

Sage-A1.5: From Long-Horizon Execution to Scientific Exploration with Capability Composition

Sage-A1.5 is a 35B MoE agentic model adding subagent orchestration, self-verification and open-ended scientific exploration.

Intern Science · Wenjie Lou, Tianshuo Peng, Shiyang Feng +96

Agents AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#129 ▲237 ❝0 2026-10-19

Scaling Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Brain Encoding

Uses parameter-efficient fine-tuning to adapt multimodal backbones of up to 104B for brain encoding, better predicting neural responses.

Mind Lab · Zhuofan Josh Ying, Guanglong Sun, Nolan Ho +6

AI for Science Efficient training & inference arXiv HF

#141 ▲112 ★7 ❝1 2026-09-30

EvoDuet: Bilevel Co-Evolution of Web Searching and Task Solving for Scientific Discovery

EvoDuet co-evolves solutions and web-search queries in a bilevel loop so LLM evolutionary search doesn't stall for lack of knowledge.

Minnesota NLP · Young-Jun Lee, Jinheon Baek, Soyeong Jeong +5

AI for Science Agents arXiv Code HF

#144 ▲33 ★141 ❝4 2026-09-21

From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health

A survey of LLMs in mental health, tracing the evolution from pattern recognisers to personalised companions.

Affiliation unverified · He Hu, Yucheng Zhou, Qianning Wang +8

LLMs AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#160 ▲68 ★22 ❝0 2026-09-30

Scoring Higher, Answering Worse: Mitigating Reward Hacking in Rubric-Based RL via Protocol-Level Rubrics

Shows weighted-sum rubric rewards can be hacked (e.g. in clinical consultation) and proposes protocol-level rubrics to fix it.

ByteDance · Maoqi Liu, Junwei He, Bowen Zhang +5

Reinforcement learning Alignment AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#180 ▲51 ★112 ❝0 2026-09-30

Does Learning Protein Folding Generalize to Broader Reasoning?

Asks whether learning protein folding teaches LLMs reusable spatial and structural reasoning.

Shanghai JiaoTong University · Yong Liu, Zhanpeng Shi, Yizhou Dang +4

AI for Science Reasoning arXiv Code HF

#193 ▲47 ★164 ❝0 2026-10-01

Science Utopia? Closed-Loop LLM Simulation of Academic Research Ecosystems

SciUtopia simulates academic ecosystems with LLM agents: topic choice, collaboration, review, citation and funding.

Georgia Institute of Technology · Yiqiao Jin, Yiyang Wang, Lucheng Fu +8

Agents AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#202 ▲63 ★14 ❝1 2026-09-30

Science or Slop?: Benchmarking and Mitigating Scientific Slop in AI-Generated Papers

SciSlopBench collects 390 AI-generated papers to detect plausible-looking but broken 'scientific slop' and explores mitigations.

Seoul National University · Yerim Oh, Young-Jun Lee, Jaewoo Ahn +2

Benchmarks & data AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#208 ▲103 ❝0 2026-09-29

Predictive Credit: Measuring What Scientific Explanations Add to Experimental Forecasts

Proposes 'predictive credit' to measure whether research agents' explanations improve experimental forecasts; preregistered tests were inconclusive.

Carnegie Mellon University · Jingjie Ning, Xueqi Li, Yibo Kong +1

AI for Science Benchmarks & data arXiv HF

#237 ▲31 ★26 ❝1 2026-09-24

ExplorationBench: Measuring AI Systems' Exploration in Verifiable Alien Worlds

Tencent Hunyuan's ExplorationBench measures scientific exploration in verifiable alien worlds, ruling out recall from pre-training.

Tencent Hunyuan · Ming Zhang, Zhenghao Xiang, Peizhong Gao +17

AI for Science Benchmarks & data Agents arXiv Code HF

#243 ▲53 ❝2 2026-09-29

AIM: Agentic Idea Management for Automated Research

Google's AIM manages, selects and explores research ideas for automated research, inspired by Bayesian optimisation.

Google · Hyeong Kyu Choi, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Jiefeng Chen +7

Agents AI for Science arXiv HF

#254 ▲53 ★4 ❝0 2026-10-15

From Research Goals to Scientific Closure: Evaluating Agents Through Evidence-Supported Physics Research

PhysClosureBench uses 50 expert-verified physics tasks to test whether agents can run investigations to well-supported conclusions.

Shanghai AI Laboratory · Yijia Mao, Song Dai, Tao Chen +14

AI for Science Agents Benchmarks & data arXiv Code HF

#257 ▲65 ★12 ❝0 2026-09-28

PDE-JEPA: Predictive Representation Learning of Latent Dynamics Modeling for Parametric PDEs

PDE-JEPA learns latent dynamics of parametric PDEs with predictive (JEPA-style) pretraining instead of reconstruction.

Zhejiang University · Zhentao Tan, Jianrong Zhang, Ruijie Quan +1

AI for Science Efficient training & inference arXiv Code HF

#262 ▲79 ❝0 2026-10-12

X-Ragent: Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Chest X-Ray Reasoning

X-Ragent uses tool-augmented RL for chest X-ray reasoning, learning when to call auxiliary evidence and when to ignore it.

Carnegie Mellon University · Yi Wang, Zhenlong Yuan, Yuchan Guo +9

Reinforcement learning Reasoning AI for Science arXiv HF

#263 ▲30 ★11 ❝1 2026-10-06

Stateless Language Agents: Scaling Long-Horizon Automated Research

Stanford's Stateless Language Agents keep research state outside the agent, tackling duplication and stalls in long-horizon automated research.

Stanford University · Qizheng Zhang, Changxiu Ji, Isaac Sun +15

Agents AI for Science arXiv Code HF

#299 ▲24 ★4 ❝0 2026-10-05

Optimizing the Optimizer: Language Models Discover Faster Molecular Relaxation Algorithms

Has an LLM agent rewrite molecular geometry optimisers, discovering algorithms needing fewer force calls than the fastest open baseline.

Affiliation unverified · Artem Tsypin, Vladimir Deshchenya, Kuzma Khrabrov +4

AI for Science Agents arXiv Code HF

#306 ▲23 ❝0 2026-09-24

Where Does Retrieval-Based Open-Ended Evaluation Fail? Automatic Taxonomy Induction from Long-Form Medical Answer Factuality Verification

Builds taxonomies of where retrieval-based factuality checking of long medical answers fails.

Center for Language and Speech Processing @ JHU · Heyuan Huang, Jirui Dai, Alexandra DeLucia +5

AI for Science Benchmarks & data arXiv HF

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